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By Dr. Moneera Otoom Commentary Prof. Khalil alsalem The evolution of cataract surgery into a fluidics-driven, micro-incisional procedure has made a detailed understanding of phaco dynamics essential for every cataract specialist. While machines have become increasingly automated, real surgical safety still depends on the surgeon’s mastery of how ultrasound energy, aspiration, vacuum, and irrigation interact

Written by Prof. Khalil Alsalem Cosmetic Dermatology laser use has expanded rapidly in cosmetic and medical practice—hair removal, tattoo removal, skin resurfacing, vascular lesions, pigmentary disorders. With that expansion has come a steady trickle of serious ocular injuries, including visually devastating retinal burns. For ophthalmologists, these cases may present “out of the blue” after a