Written By Khalil Al-Salem M.D, Narated and given By Omar Salem M.D Vitrectomy surgery has undergone remarkable evolution over the past decades, becoming a cornerstone of modern vitreoretinal practice. As surgical techniques have advanced, the importance of intraoperative visualization and retinal stabilization has become increasingly evident. Two essential components that have significantly contributed to these […]

Written by: Prof. Khalil Al-Salem Anisocoria, or unequal pupils, is a common clinical finding that may be benign or clinically significant. It can be related to physiological variation, but it may also indicate conditions such as Horner syndrome or Adie’s pupil. In addition, medication causing mydriasis should always be considered, as it is a frequent

Witten By Prof. Khalil Al-Salem IgG4-related disease is an increasingly recognized immune-mediated condition that can affect multiple organs. However, orbital involvement is one of its most striking presentations. IgG4 orbitopathy often presents with ocular proptosis, eyelid swelling, and lacrimal gland enlargement. Although these findings may resemble other orbital diseases, the underlying process is unique. Therefore,

By Prof. Khalil Alsalem M.D FRCS, FICO CAIRS Stands for Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments. In other words, it is a ring-segment “spacers” made from human donor corneal stroma (allogeneic tissue), implanted into intrastromal tunnels to flatten/regularize the ectatic cornea—conceptually similar to synthetic ICRS (Intacs/Ferrara), but biologic instead of plastic. What is Keratocnus? Keratoconus is